Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangakupondaponda kufazikuphatikizapo zitsulo, zitsulo simenti carbide, carbide, aloyi zinki zochokera, zipangizo polima, zotayidwa mkuwa, mkulu ndi otsika osungunula mfundo kaloti ndi zina zotero.Zambiri mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masitampu ndi zitsulo.Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zogwirira ntchito zakufa ndi: chitsulo cha carbon, chitsulo chochepa cha alloy, high carbon high or medium chromium tool steel, medium carbon alloy steel, high speed chitsulo, masanjidwe zitsulo ndi carbide, zitsulo simenti carbide, ndi zina.

1. Chitsulo chochepa cha alloy

Chitsulo chochepa cha alloy chimachokera ku zitsulo za carbon tool ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Poyerekeza ndi carbon chida zitsulo, kuchepetsa chizolowezi akulimbana ndi kuzimitsa mapindikidwe, kusintha hardability chitsulo, kuvala kukana ndi bwino.Chitsulo chochepa cha alloy chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nkhungu ndi CrWMn, 9Mn2V, 7CrSiMnMoV (code CH-1), 6CrNiSiMnMoV (code GD) ndi zina zotero.

2. Chida cha carbon

Ntchito zambiri mu nkhungu ya carbon tool steel for T8A, T10A, etc., ubwino wa ntchito yabwino yokonza, yotsika mtengo.Koma hardness ndi wofiira kuuma ndi osauka, kutentha mankhwala mapindikidwe, otsika katundu mphamvu.

3. Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri

Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri chimakhala ndi kuuma kwambiri, kuvala kukana ndi mphamvu yopondereza ya chitsulo cha nkhungu, mphamvu yonyamula katundu.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nkhungu ndi W18Cr4V (code 8-4-1) ndi tungsten yocheperako W6Mo5Cr4V2 (code 6-5-4-2, mtundu wa United States M2) komanso kupititsa patsogolo kulimba kwa chitukuko cha chitsulo chotsika kwambiri cha carbon vanadium 6W6Mo5Cr4V (code 6W6 kapena low carbon M2).Zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zimafunikiranso kukonzanso kuti zithandizire kugawa kwawo kwa carbide.

4. Zida zazitsulo za carbon medium-chromium

Zida zamtundu wa carbon medium-chromium zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nkhungu ndi Cr4W2MoV, Cr6WV, Cr5MoV, etc., chromium yawo imakhala yochepa, carbide yochepa kwambiri, kugawa kwa carbide, kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhala kochepa, kolimba bwino komanso kukhazikika kwapakati.Poyerekeza ndi tsankho la carbide ndi chitsulo chokwera kwambiri cha carbon high chromium, magwiridwe antchito ayenda bwino.

5. Chitsulo chachitsulo cha carbon high-chromium

Chitsulo chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri cha carbon high-chromium Cr12 ndi Cr12MoV, Cr12Mo1V1 (code D2), ali ndi kuuma bwino, kuuma komansokuvala kukana, kutentha kutentha mapindikidwe ndi laling'ono kwambiri, chifukwa mkulu kuvala kukana micro-deformation nkhungu zitsulo, kunyamula mphamvu yachiwiri kwa mkulu-liwiro zitsulo.Koma tsankho la carbide ndilofunika kwambiri, liyenera kukhumudwitsa mobwerezabwereza (axial upsetting, radial drawing) kuti asinthe kupanga, kuti achepetse kusagwirizana kwa carbide, kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito.

6. Simenti carbide ndi zitsulo simenti carbide

Kulimba ndi kulimba kwa carbide yopangidwa ndi simenti ndikwapamwamba kuposa mtundu wina uliwonse wa chitsulo cha nkhungu, koma mphamvu yopindika ndi kulimba kwake ndizosauka.Carbide yopangidwa ndi simenti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nkhungu ndi tungsten ndi cobalt, ndipo nkhungu zokhala ndi mphamvu yaying'ono komanso zofunika kukana kuvala kwambiri, mafuta otsika a cobalt okhala ndi simenti angagwiritsidwe ntchito.Paziwombolo zamphamvu kwambiri, carbide yokhala ndi cobalt yambiri imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.