Mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi chakudya amagawidwa m'magulu awa: PET (polyethylene terephthalate), HDPE (polyethylene yochuluka), LDPE (polyethylene yotsika), PP (polypropylene), PS (polystyrene), PC ndi magulu ena.

PET (polyethylene terephthalate)

Ntchito zofala: mabotolo amadzi amchere, mabotolo a zakumwa zokhala ndi carbonated, ndi zina zotero.
Mabotolo amadzi amchere ndi mabotolo a zakumwa zokhala ndi carbonated amapangidwa ndi izi. Mabotolo a zakumwa sangathe kubwezeretsedwanso m'madzi otentha, ndipo izi sizimatentha mpaka 70°C. Ndi zoyenera zakumwa zofunda kapena zozizira zokha, ndipo zimawonongeka mosavuta zikadzazidwa ndi zakumwa zotentha kwambiri kapena zotenthedwa, ndi zinthu zovulaza anthu zomwe zimatuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi apeza kuti patatha miyezi 10 yogwiritsidwa ntchito, chinthu cha pulasitiki ichi chikhoza kutulutsa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa zomwe ndi poizoni kwa anthu.

Pachifukwa ichi, mabotolo a zakumwa ayenera kutayidwa akatha ndipo asagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati makapu kapena ziwiya zosungiramo zinthu zina kuti apewe mavuto azaumoyo.
PET idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ngati ulusi wopangidwa, komanso mu filimu ndi tepi, ndipo mu 1976 yokha ndi pomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabotolo a zakumwa. PET idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodzaza mu chomwe chimadziwika kuti 'botolo la PET'.

Botolo la PET lili ndi kuuma ndi kulimba bwino, ndi lopepuka (lokha 1/9 mpaka 1/15 ya kulemera kwa botolo lagalasi), losavuta kunyamula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa popanga, ndipo sililowa madzi, silisinthasintha komanso silimalimbana ndi ma acid ndi alkali.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chakhala chidebe chofunikira chodzaza zakumwa zokhala ndi carbonated, tiyi, madzi a zipatso, madzi akumwa opakidwa m'matumba, vinyo ndi soya sauce, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsukira, shampu, mafuta azakudya, zokometsera, zakudya zotsekemera, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabotolo opakidwa m'matumba.

HDPE(Polyethylene Yokhala ndi Kachulukidwe Kakakulu)

Ntchito zofala: zinthu zotsukira, zinthu zosambira, ndi zina zotero.
Zidebe zapulasitiki zotsukira, zinthu zosambira, matumba apulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'masitolo akuluakulu ndi m'masitolo akuluakulu amapangidwa ndi zinthuzi, zimatha kupirira kutentha kwa 110 ℃, zolembedwa ndi chakudya. Mapepala apulasitiki angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusungiramo chakudya. Zidebe zapulasitiki zotsukira ndi zinthu zosambira zimatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mutazitsuka mosamala, koma nthawi zambiri zidebezi sizimatsukidwa bwino, zomwe zimasiya zotsalira za zinthu zoyeretsa zoyambirira, zomwe zimasanduka malo oberekera mabakiteriya ndi kuyeretsa kosakwanira, kotero ndibwino kuti musawabwezeretsenso.
PE ndi pulasitiki yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi m'moyo, ndipo nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: polyethylene yochuluka kwambiri (HDPE) ndi polyethylene yotsika kwambiri (LDPE). HDPE ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri kuposa LDPE, ndi yolimba komanso yolimba ku kuwonongeka kwa madzi owononga.

LDPE ili paliponse m'moyo wamakono, koma osati chifukwa cha ziwiya zomwe zimapangidwa nazo, koma chifukwa cha matumba apulasitiki omwe mumawawona kulikonse. Matumba ndi mafilimu ambiri apulasitiki amapangidwa ndi LDPE.

LDPE (Polyethylene Yochepa Kwambiri)

Ntchito zofala: filimu yolumikizira, ndi zina zotero.
Filimu ya cling, filimu ya pulasitiki, ndi zina zotero zimapangidwa ndi zinthuzi. Kukana kutentha sikolimba, nthawi zambiri, filimu ya PE cling yoyenerera kutentha kopitilira 110 ℃ kumawoneka ngati chinthu chotentha chosungunuka, chomwe chimasiya thupi la munthu silingathe kuwola pulasitiki. Komanso, chakudya chikatenthedwa mu filimu ya cling, mafuta omwe ali mu chakudya amatha kusungunula mosavuta zinthu zovulaza zomwe zili mufilimuyi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchotsa kaye pulasitiki kuchokera muzakudya mu microwave.

PP (polypropylene)

Ntchito zofala: mabokosi a nkhomaliro a microwave
Mabokosi a chakudya chamasana a microwave amapangidwa ndi zinthuzi, zomwe sizimatentha kwambiri mpaka 130°C ndipo sizimaonekera bwino. Ili ndi bokosi lokhalo la pulasitiki lomwe lingayikidwe mu microwave ndipo lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito mutayeretsa bwino.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ziwiya zina za microwave zimapangidwa ndi PP 05, koma chivindikirocho chimapangidwa ndi PS 06, chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe abwino koma sichimalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri, kotero sichingaikidwe mu microwave pamodzi ndi chidebecho. Kuti mukhale otetezeka, chotsani chivindikirocho musanayike chidebecho mu microwave.
PP ndi PE zitha kunenedwa kuti ndi abale awiri, koma zinthu zina zakuthupi ndi zamakaniko zimakhala bwino kuposa PE, kotero opanga mabotolo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito PE popanga thupi la botolo, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito PP yolimba komanso yamphamvu kwambiri popanga chivundikiro ndi chogwirira.

PP imasungunuka kwambiri kufika pa 167°C ndipo imapirira kutentha, ndipo zinthu zake zimatha kutenthedwa ndi nthunzi. Mabotolo odziwika bwino opangidwa kuchokera ku PP ndi mabotolo a mkaka wa soya ndi mpunga, komanso mabotolo a madzi a zipatso zoyera 100%, yogati, zakumwa zamadzimadzi, zinthu zamkaka (monga pudding), ndi zina zotero. Mabotolo akuluakulu, monga mabaketi, zitini, masinki ochapira zovala, mabaketi, ndi zina zotero, nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku PP.

PS (polystyrene)

Ntchito zofala: mbale za mabokosi a Zakudya, mabokosi a chakudya chofulumira
Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbale za Zakudya ndi mabokosi a chakudya chofulumira. Sizimatentha komanso sizizizira, koma sizingaikidwe mu uvuni wa microwave kuti zisatulutse mankhwala chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma acid amphamvu (monga madzi a lalanje) kapena zinthu zamchere, chifukwa polystyrene, yomwe ndi yoyipa kwa anthu, imatha kuwola. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kupewa kulongedza chakudya chotentha m'zidebe za chakudya chofulumira momwe mungathere.
PS ili ndi madzi ochepa ndipo imakhala yokhazikika pamlingo wake, kotero imatha kupangidwa ndi jakisoni, kukanikiza, kutulutsa kapena kutenthedwa. Imatha kupangidwa ndi jakisoni, kutenthedwa, kutulutsa ndi kutenthedwa. Nthawi zambiri imagawidwa ngati yopangidwa ndi thovu kapena yopanda thovu malinga ndi ngati yachita "thovu".

PCndi ena

Ntchito zofala: mabotolo a madzi, makapu, mabotolo a mkaka
PC ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka popanga mabotolo a mkaka ndi makapu amlengalenga, ndipo ndi nkhani yotsutsana chifukwa chili ndi Bisphenol A. Akatswiri amanena kuti m'malingaliro, bola ngati BPA yasinthidwa 100% kukhala kapangidwe ka pulasitiki panthawi yopanga PC, zikutanthauza kuti chinthucho chilibe BPA konse, osanenanso kuti sichimatulutsidwa. Komabe, ngati BPA yochepa siinasinthidwe kukhala kapangidwe ka pulasitiki ka PC, ikhoza kutulutsidwa kukhala chakudya kapena zakumwa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito zotengera za pulasitiki izi.
Kutentha kwa PC kukakwera, BPA imatulutsidwa kwambiri ndipo imatulutsidwa mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, madzi otentha sayenera kuperekedwa m'mabotolo amadzi a PC. Ngati ketulo yanu ndi nambala 07, zotsatirazi zitha kuchepetsa chiopsezo: Musayitenthe ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo musayiyike padzuwa la dzuwa. Musatsuke ketulo mu chotsukira mbale kapena chotsukira mbale.

Musanagwiritse ntchito koyamba, muzimutsuka ndi soda ndi madzi ofunda ndipo muzimuumitsa mwachilengedwe kutentha kwa chipinda. Ndikoyenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito chidebecho ngati chili ndi madontho kapena kusweka, chifukwa zinthu zapulasitiki zimatha kusunga mabakiteriya mosavuta ngati zili ndi malo obowoka bwino. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza ziwiya zapulasitiki zomwe zawonongeka.