• Kupanga nkhungu ndi zinthu zapulasitiki zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi kumachepetsa kusinthana kwa ogulitsa, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha mgwirizano ndikusunga nthawi yokonzekera.
• Ndiwofunika kwambiri makamaka pa zamagetsi, zipangizo zapakhomo, zophimba mafakitale, ndi mapulogalamu azinthu za SKU zambiri zomwe zimafunikira kubwerezabwereza kosalekeza.
• Kusakaniza kwa DFM, zida, zitsanzo, ndi kupanga kumathandizira kusanthula chifukwa cha mizu pamene mavuto oyenerera, omaliza, kapena a page akuwonekera.
• Miyezo yotsimikizika ndi njira zoyezera ndizofunikira: khalidwe la magawo apulasitiki liyenera kufufuzidwa motsatira miyezo yovomerezeka yololera ndi yowunikira, osati kuvomerezedwa ndi munthu payekha.
• Wopereka wabwino kwambiri si womanga nkhungu yekha; ndi mwiniwake wa ndondomeko yomwe ingasinthe kuchoka pa kuwunika kojambula kupita ku zigawo zokonzeka kupanga zomwe zimadziwika bwino.

Ntchito zopangira nkhungu ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi ndizofunikira chifukwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu za pulasitiki nthawi zambiri zimatayika m'malo olumikizirana, osati pamakina. Mwachitsanzo, kutsimikizira kukula, kuyesa zida, ndi kuwunika momwe zinthu zingabwerezedwere ziyenera kugwirizana ndi miyezo mongaISO 20457:2018za pulasitiki ndiISO 20457kuyesa momwe zinthu zilili, pomwe zisankho zapamwamba komanso zoyenera za nyumba zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimadalira zolinga zenizeni zopangira osati malingaliro a zitsanzo. Mu mapulojekiti omwe amakumana ndi ogula, njira yophatikizika iyi imathandiza magulu kusintha kuchoka ku CAD kupita kuzinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu, ndi kukonzanso kochepa komanso kuyankha bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito zida, kupanga, ndi kumaliza.

Chifukwa Chomwe Kupanga Zinthu Zopangidwa ndi Mapulasitiki ndi Majekeseni Omwe Amayikidwa Pamodzi Kumachepetsa Chiwopsezo cha Ntchito

Kupanga nkhungu ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki pogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni imodzi kumachepetsa chiopsezo mwa kugwetsa zisankho zambiri zaukadaulo kukhala njira imodzi yoyendetsera ntchito.

Akapanga nkhungu, kusankha utomoni, kutengera zitsanzo, ndi kupanga zinthu zambiri, wogula amakhala wapakati pa chilichonse chosagwirizana. Malo olowera omwe amagwira ntchito papepala angapangitse mizere yolumikizira pa nyumba yokongoletsera. Kukhuthala kwa khoma komwe kumawoneka kovomerezeka mu CAD kungapangitse zizindikiro za sinki pa PC enclosure. Wogulitsa malo amodzi amatha kusintha chida, zenera logwirira ntchito, ndi njira yowunikira pamodzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachangu kuposa kukambirana ndi makampani osiyanasiyana.

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'mapulojekiti omwe gawo la pulasitiki silili gawo lokhalo koma pamwamba pa chinthu chowoneka. Ma housing amagetsi, mapanelo a zida zamagetsi, ndi zophimba zamafakitale nthawi zambiri zimafuna mawonekedwe obwerezabwereza, kuyenerera kwa msonkhano, komanso kudalirika kwa kapangidwe kake. Ngati wogulitsayo amvetsetsa momwe ntchito yomaliza idzagwiritsidwire ntchito kuyambira pachiyambi, kusankha chitsulo cha nkhungu, ngodya yoyendetsera, kapangidwe ka nthiti, ndi kapangidwe koziziritsira zonse zitha kukonzedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi momwe zinthu zilili, osati kupambana kwa prototype kokha.

Ubwino waukulu kwambiri wopezera zinthu ndi kupitirizabe. Gulu lomwelo la mainjiniya lomwe limawunikiranso zojambulazo limayang'aniranso zotsatira za mayeso, zochita zowongolera, komanso kukhazikika kwa kupanga. Kupitirizabe kumeneko nthawi zambiri kumakhala kusiyana pakati pa kuyambitsa mwachangu ndi kukonzanso kokwera mtengo komaliza.

Ntchito Zopangira Nkhungu ndi Kupanga Zinthu Zapulasitiki: Zimene Ogula Amapezadi

Ogula amapeza liwiro, kusinthasintha, komanso kuwongolera bwino mtengo pamene ntchito zopangira nkhungu zojambulira jekeseni ndi kupanga zinthu zapulasitiki zikuphatikizidwa.

Phindu loyamba ndi kupsinjika kwa nthawi. Wogulitsa zinthu zokhala ndi nkhungu zokha akhoza kumaliza kugwiritsa ntchito zida kenako n’kupereka ntchitoyo kwa woumba wina yemwe adzapeze mavuto a njira pambuyo pake. Wogwira ntchito limodzi akhoza kuchita kafukufuku wa kapangidwe kake ka zinthu asanadulidwe zitsulo, zomwe zimathandiza kuthana ndi zodulidwa, makoma opyapyala, zizindikiro za ejector, ndi mikangano yolekanitsa zinthu msanga. Zimenezi zimachepetsa kubwerezabwereza kwa mayeso ndipo zingafupikitse njira yopangira zinthu zokhazikika.

Phindu lachiwiri ndi umwini wabwino. Ngati nyumba ikuwonetsa kuti yagwa kapena ngati palibe cholumikizira, gulu lomwelo likhoza kuyang'ana nkhungu, kuwunikanso magawo a molding, ndikuyerekeza vuto ndi zojambula za chinthucho. Izi n'zosavuta kuposa kutsimikizira ngati vutoli lidachokera ku zida, kuumitsa utomoni, kapena kukonza pamene sitepe iliyonse ndi ya wogulitsa wina.

Phindu lachitatu ndi kumveka bwino kwa malonda. Ogula nthawi zambiri amafunikira mtengo umodzi womwe umakhudza zida, zitsanzo, kupanga, kumaliza, kulongedza, ndi kukonzekera kutumiza kunja. Kupeza zinthu nthawi imodzi kumathandiza kusanthula mtengo wonse chifukwa wogula amatha kufananiza chopereka chimodzi chophatikizidwa m'malo mosoka ndalama zobisika kuchokera kwa ogulitsa angapo.

Kwa makampani omwe akuyambitsa mzere watsopano wazinthu, njira yolumikizidwa iyi ndi yothandiza makamaka nthawi yoyang'anira ogulitsa ili yochepa. Imalola magulu ogula zinthu kuyang'ana kwambiri magwiridwe antchito pang'ono, nthawi yovomerezeka, komanso kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo mogwirizanitsa tsiku ndi tsiku pakati pa ogulitsa omwe alumikizidwa.

Nkhungu Yopangira Jakisoni, Kupanga Zinthu Zapulasitiki, ndi Miyezo Yoteteza Ubwino

Ubwino umakhala wodziwikiratu bwino pamene kupanga zinthu zapulasitiki kumagwirizana ndi miyezo yoyezeka m'malo movomerezedwa ndi munthu payekha.

Pazigawo za pulasitiki, kulolerana ndi kutsimikizira ziyenera kuyamba ndi dongosolo loyezera lodziwika bwino. M'machitidwe, mapulojekiti ambiri amatchula njira zojambula zochokera ku ISO ndi njira zovomerezeka kuti macheke amitundu, kusalala, ndi kuyenerera aziwunikidwa nthawi zonse. Pa makina owunikira,NISTZinthu zothandiza pa kutsata njira zoyezera ndi zothandiza chifukwa zimakumbutsa ogula kuti kuyerekeza mobwerezabwereza ndikofunikira monga momwe zida zimakhalira.

Posankha zinthu, mtundu wa utomoni uyenera kugwirizana ndi momwe umagwiritsidwira ntchito kumapeto. PC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nyumba zowonekera kapena zosakhudzidwa ndi kugwedezeka chifukwa zimaphatikiza kulimba ndi kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe. Pakugwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, kuganizira za kuyaka kungakhale kofunikira, ndipo ogula nthawi zambiri amafunsa ngati chinthucho chikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za UL 94 kapena zolinga zofanana zachitetezo cha chinthu kutengera msika. Mfundo si kusankha polima yokwera mtengo kwambiri; ndi kusankha yomwe imathandizira mawonekedwe a gawolo, mawonekedwe ake, ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.

Ubwino wa zida umakhudzanso momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito. Zosankha zopangira nkhungu monga mtundu wa chipata, kapangidwe ka malo ozizira, ndi kutulutsa mpweya zimakhudza mwachindunji nthawi ya kayendedwe ka zinthu komanso kusinthasintha kwa zokongoletsa. Ngakhale kusintha pang'ono pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa kuziziritsa kungathandize kukhazikika kwa njira chifukwa kuwongolera kutentha kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zichepe. Pakupanga zinthu zambiri, kukhazikika kumeneko nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunikira kuposa kusunga zinthu zochepa.

Pamene Kupanga Kokha Kokha Ndikoyenera Kwambiri pa Ntchito Zopangira Nkhungu Yopangira Injection

Kupanga zinthu nthawi imodzi ndikwabwino kwambiri pamapulojekiti omwe amafunikira kufulumira, kubwerezabwereza, komanso chithandizo chogwirizana cha uinjiniya.

Zipangizo zamagetsi zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri. Malo okhala ma router, ma charger, zipangizo zamakono, ndi zowonjezera nthawi zambiri amafunika mizere yoyera yopatukana, mphamvu yokhazikika yokhazikika, komanso kukongoletsa kokhazikika. Zogulitsazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawindo afupiafupi otsegulira, kotero kuchedwa kulikonse pakusintha nkhungu kapena kusandutsa zitsanzo kungakhudze nthawi yogulitsira.

Mapulogalamu a zipangizo zapakhomo amapindulanso chifukwa nthawi zambiri amafuna kuyanjana bwino pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Chivundikiro, bezel, chimango cha batani, ndi bulaketi yamkati zonse ziyenera kuyikidwa mu gulu lomwelo la msonkhano. Ngati wogulitsa wina apanga chikombole ndipo winayo akupanga, udindo sungadziwike bwino mavuto akamapangidwa.

Zigawo za mafakitale ndi zina zogwirizana kwambiri. Zigawozi sizingafunike zodzoladzola zonyezimira, koma nthawi zambiri zimafuna nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, kupezeka kokhazikika, komanso kudalirika kwa kapangidwe kake. Mnzanu wothandizana naye nthawi imodzi amatha kusunga zida, kusintha zinthu zosweka, ndikusunga magawo a ntchito mogwirizana nthawi yonse ya pulogalamuyo.

Kupanga zinthu kamodzi kokha n'kofunika kwambiri pazida zapulasitiki zomwe zimasinthidwa pafupipafupi. Ngati wogula akuyembekezera kusintha kwa uinjiniya, kusintha kwa dzina la kampani, kapena kukulitsa SKU, kuthekera kwa wogulitsa kusintha zida ndi kupanga popanda kuyambitsanso njira yopezera zinthu kungapulumutse nthawi komanso ndalama.

Momwe Wogulitsa Malo Omwe Amathandizira Kupanga Nkhungu ndi Nkhungu za Nyumba za Pulasitiki

Mapulojekiti a nkhungu okhala ndi nyumba zapulasitiki amapindula kwambiri pamene wogulitsa amatha kusintha mawonekedwe a lingaliro kukhala zida zokonzekera kupanga mwachangu.

Zipinda za nyumba sizikukhululuka chifukwa zimaphatikiza mawonekedwe, kusonkhana, ndi magwiridwe antchito a kapangidwe kake. Cholakwika chaching'ono pa ngodya yolowera chingapangitse zizindikiro zotuluka. Kukangana kwa nthiti zobisika kumatha kufooketsa chogwirira. Kapangidwe kozizira koyipa kangayambitse kusokonekera pamwamba powonekera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ogula ayenera kufunsa ngati wogulitsayo angayang'anenso makulidwe a khoma, malo olowera pachipata, kapangidwe ka bwana, ndi mawonekedwe a kusonkhana asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito zida.

Pa mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri, kupanga nkhungu ya 3D nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yoyenera. Malo okhota, matupi osafanana, ndi zipolopolo za zinthu zomwe zimaoneka bwino zimafuna kukonzekera mosamala kwambiri kuposa malo omangira amakona anayi. Pazochitika zimenezo, ogulitsa omwe ali ndi malo amodzi ndi othandiza chifukwa amatha kulumikiza zosankha za ma modeling ndi zenizeni za mapangidwe. Zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosayembekezereka zochepa panthawi yopanga mayeso.

Ogula amathanso kuwunika ngati wogulitsa ali ndi chithandizo chosiyana chankhungu za jakisoni wa pulasitiki, jekeseni wopangidwa mbalindimagawo apulasitiki opangidwa mwamakondaKapangidwe kameneka n'kofunika chifukwa kamasonyeza ngati kampaniyo ingathe kugwira ntchito zonse ziwiri pogwiritsa ntchito zida ndi kupereka zinthu zina m'malo mwa mbali imodzi yokha ya polojekitiyi.

Kwa ogula poyerekeza opereka chithandizo, wogulitsa ndinkhungu ya nyumba ya pulasitikiluso nthawi zambiri limakhala bwino pothetsa mavuto a thanzi ndi maonekedwe msanga, pomwe luso lalikuluChiboliboli cha 3Dnjira yogwirira ntchito ingakhale yabwino kwambiri popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso kupanga zinthu mwachangu.

Zomwe Muyenera Kufunsa Musanasankhe Ntchito Zopangira Ma Mold ndi Ma Pulasitiki Omwe Amagwira Ntchito Yopangira Majekeseni

Wopereka woyenera ndi amene angathe kutsimikizira kuwongolera njira, osati kungowonetsa zithunzi za zida zokha.

1. Funsani zitsanzo za mayankho a DFM, kuphatikizapo momwe makulidwe a khoma, nthiti, ndi ngodya zoyendetsera khoma zinasinthidwira musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito zida.
2. Funsani kuti ndi zida ziti zowunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zinthu zoyamba ndi kupanga, komanso ngati pali zolemba zowunikira zomwe zilipo.
3. Funsani momwe kusintha kwa nkhungu kumachitidwira pambuyo poyesa, kuphatikizapo nthawi yoyankhira ndi udindo wokonza zinthu.
4. Funsani ngati wogulitsayo akuthandizira kusankha zinthu za PC, ABS, PP, PA, kapena magalasi kutengera zomwe zimafunika pa malonda.
5. Funsani momwe kupanga kumakhalira kogwirizana m'magulu onse, makamaka pazigawo zooneka ndi zomangira zolimba.

Mafunso awa ndi ofunika chifukwa chiopsezo chogula nthawi zambiri chimawonekera pambuyo pa zitsanzo zoyamba, osati kale. Wogulitsa akhoza kunena mtengo wotsika wa zida ndikukhalabe ndi kuchedwa kokwera mtengo ngati maulendo oyesera, kulumikizana kosamveka bwino, kapena magawo osakhazikika a kuumba akukankhira ntchito pa nthawi yake. Pakupeza zinthu nthawi imodzi, ogula ayenera kusamala za mtundu wa zokambirana zaukadaulo, osati kukula kwa mndandanda wa makina okha.

Monga lamulo lothandiza, ogulitsa abwino kwambiri amalankhula za mawindo a njira, kuwongolera kwa miyeso, ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito. Ngati mnzanuyo angalumikize zojambulazo ndi dongosolo lopangira m'mawu omveka bwino, nthawi zambiri angapereke zotsatira zokhazikika.

Mtengo, Nthawi Yotsogolera, ndi Ubwino: Nkhani Yeniyeni ya Bizinesi Yopangira Zinthu Pamodzi

Nkhani yaikulu kwambiri ya bizinesi yopanga chinthu chimodzi nthawi zambiri ndi mtengo wonse wa umwini, osati mtengo wa zida zokha.

Pakupanga zinthu zapulasitiki, mtengo wooneka ndi gawo limodzi chabe la mtengo. Ogula amalipiranso nthawi yolumikizirana, kusintha zitsanzo, kugwirizanitsa kutumiza, kuchedwa kwa kuwunika, komanso mtengo wa mwayi woti zinthu ziyambe kusokonekera. Pamene wogulitsa m'modzi ali ndi unyolo wonse, ndalama zambiri zobisikazi zimachepa chifukwa zisankho zimachitika mkati mwa pulojekiti imodzi.

Nthawi yotsogolera imakulanso chifukwa kusintha kwa uinjiniya sikuyenera kudutsa malire a bungwe. Ngati nkhungu ikufunika kukonzedwanso kwa mpweya wotuluka kapena malo a chipata akufunika kusinthidwa, gulu lomwelo likhoza kusintha mwachangu kuchoka pa kusanthula kupita ku kusintha. Kuthamanga kumeneko kungakhale kofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zanyengo ndi zotsatsa.

Ubwino wa zinthu ndi wofunikanso. Wogulitsa zinthu nthawi imodzi wokhazikika amatha kusunga mbiri ya zida, makonda a njira, ndi deta yovomerezeka ya magawo kuti magulu amtsogolo azigwirizana ndi chitsanzo choyambirira. Kupitiriza kwa mbiri yakale kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri pazigawo zosinthira, mapulogalamu a nthawi yayitali, ndi maakaunti otumiza kunja omwe amafunikira malangizo okhwima.

Momwe Mungayesere Mnzanu Wopanga Zinthu Zapulasitiki ndi Wopanga Zinthu Zapulasitiki

Njira yabwino kwambiri yowunikira ndi kuyesa ngati wogulitsa angaganize ngati injiniya wa zinthu ndi mwiniwake wa zopanga nthawi imodzi.

Yambani ndi ndemanga yojambula. Wogulitsa wamphamvu adzafunsa za momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, zoletsa zomangira, kuchuluka kwa utomoni, kusankha utomoni, mawonekedwe, ndi komwe angatumizire kunja. Izi zikusonyeza kuti akupanga kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, osati kungopanga kokha.

Kenako, onaninso dongosolo la zitsanzo. Ogulitsa okhazikika nthawi zambiri amatanthauzira zomwe zidzawunikidwe pa mayeso, amene amasaina kusintha, ndi momwe zolakwika zimalembedwera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu zapulasitiki chifukwa kusintha kulikonse kungakhudze momwe zinthu zilili, kapangidwe kake, komanso mphamvu ya zinthu zina.

Pomaliza, yang'anani chithandizo pambuyo poyambitsa. Kusamalira zida, zida zosinthira, ndi kasamalidwe ka maoda obwerezabwereza ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa momwe ogula ambiri amayembekezera. Wogulitsa zinthu nthawi imodzi wokhala ndi malingaliro okonza zinthu akhoza kukulitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha nthawi yogwira ntchito, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala phindu lobisika m'mapulogalamu obwerezabwereza.

Ngati mukufuna kupeza zinthu m'malo osiyanasiyana, funsani momwe wogulitsayo amachitira ndi kulankhulana kwa Chingerezi, nthawi yoyankha zikalata, zilembo zopakira, ndi kulumikizana kwa kutumiza. Mphamvu zimenezo si "zowonjezera"; ndi gawo lodalirika la kutumiza katundu kwa ogula omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kutumiza katundu kunja.

Pomaliza: Chifukwa Chake Kupanga Zinthu Zopangidwa ndi Mapulasitiki ndi Majekeseni a One-Stop Kumapambana Pazosankha Zogula Zenizeni

Kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi nkhungu ndi pulasitiki nthawi imodzi kumapambana chifukwa kumagwirizanitsa uinjiniya, khalidwe, ndi kuwongolera unyolo woperekera mkati mwa dongosolo limodzi la udindo.

Kwa ogula, izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe malo okwanira olumikizirana ndi ogulitsa, kuyankha bwino, kuthetsa mavuto mwachangu, komanso mwayi wabwino wosintha kuchoka pakupanga zinthu zambiri kupita kuzinthu zokhazikika popanda kutayika mobwerezabwereza. Chitsanzochi ndi cholimba makamaka pa nyumba, zida zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi, zophimba mafakitale, ndi zida zapulasitiki zomwe ziyenera kuphatikiza mawonekedwe, kuyenerera, komanso kubwerezabwereza.

Chisankho chanzeru kwambiri chogula si kusankha mtengo wotsika kwambiri wokha. Ndi kusankha wogulitsa yemwe angathe kutsimikizira kuwongolera njira, kulankhulana momveka bwino, ndikuthandizira polojekitiyi kuyambira pakuwunika koyamba mpaka kubwereza kupanga. Pamenepo ndi pomwe kupanga komwe kumapangidwira kumabweretsa phindu lenileni.

FAQ

Kodi kupanga nkhungu ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki ndi chimodzi chokha n'chiyani?

Ndi chitsanzo chautumiki pomwe wogulitsa yemweyo amagwira ntchito yokonza nkhungu, kugwiritsa ntchito zida, kupanga mayeso, kupanga zinthu zambiri, kuyang'anira, komanso nthawi zambiri kulongedza kapena kutumiza kunja.

N’chifukwa chiyani kupanga zinthu zapulasitiki nthawi imodzi kuli bwino kwambiri pa zipangizo zapulasitiki zomwe zapangidwa mwapadera?

Zimachepetsa kupatsana, zimachepetsa chiopsezo cholankhulana, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonza mavuto a kapangidwe kapena kukonza zinthu zisanakwane.

Kodi kugula zinthu zokhazikika nthawi imodzi ndikwabwino pa ntchito zopanga nkhungu m'nyumba zapulasitiki?

Inde. Mapulojekiti a nyumba amafunika kukhazikika bwino, mawonekedwe, ndi magwiridwe antchito a nyumba, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzilamulira ngati gulu limodzi lili ndi zonse ziwiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nkhungu komanso njira yopangira.

Kodi kupanga zinthu nthawi imodzi kumawongolera bwanji kuwongolera khalidwe?

Imasunga DFM, kuyesa zida, ndi macheke opanga mu ntchito imodzi, kotero gulu lomwelo limatha kutsata zolakwika kubwerera ku zida, zinthu, kapena makonda a njira mwachangu.

Ndi zipangizo ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zapulasitiki?

Zipangizo zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo PC, ABS, PP, PA, ndi magalasi odzaza ndi magalasi, zomwe zimasankhidwa malinga ndi kukana kwa kugunda, mawonekedwe, kuuma, ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.

Kodi ogula ayenera kufunsa chiyani asanasankhe wogulitsa?

Funsani za thandizo la DFM, njira zowunikira, nthawi yoyeserera, malangizo osankha zinthu, komanso kukonza nkhungu kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kodi kupanga zinthu nthawi imodzi ndi kotani komwe kuli kofunika kwambiri?

Ndi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ngati nthawi yomaliza ili yochepa, chinthucho chili ndi malo owoneka bwino kapena malo omangika bwino, kapena wogula akufunika kuperekedwa mobwerezabwereza kwa nthawi yayitali.